Evaluation of COVID-19 Antigen Test Kit Assay Analytical and Clinical Performance / 中国医疗器械杂志

Objective To rapidly screen patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) infection including asymptomatic ones. Method Established a rapid detection test kit, and evaluated analytical and clinical performance of it. Result The minimum limit of detection of the reagent was 9.75×102 TCID50/mL; there was no cross-reaction and interference in the high-concentration samples of 29 common respiratory pathogens tested. The diagnostic sensitivity of clinical samples was 98.56%, specificity was 99.00%, and the total coincidence rate was 98.85%; the consistency test Kappa value is 0.974 5. The stratified analysis of positive samples with different Ct values showed that the coincidence rate within each stratum was greater than 95%. Conclusion This COVID-19 antigen test kit with excellent detection performance, fast detection speed, and portable operation. It can be used as a supplementary method for existing nucleic acid detection methods for early screening of new coronavirus.

Fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na atenção primária / Factores que influyen en la práctica del enfermero en la consulta de puericultura en la atención primaria / Factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in primary care

Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na Atenção Primária. Método: estudo transversal com 31 enfermeiros da Saúde da Família de município do Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se checklist com dimensões do cuidado implementadas na puericultura. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: as consultas realizadas por enfermeiros com tempo de conclusão da graduação e tempo de atuação de até dez anos apresentaram um cuidado voltado para as dimensões acolhimento, anamnese e avaliação da situação vacinal e suplementações. Enquanto aqueles com tempo superior a dez anos priorizaram a avaliação do crescimento e os registros no prontuário e na Caderneta da Criança. Houve associação significativa entre o sexo feminino e ter especialização com o desempenho dos profissionais. Conclusão: os fatores que influenciam a prática dos enfermeiros na puericultura acarretam importantes diferenças assistenciais, podendo comprometer a integralidade do cuidado à criança.

Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en la práctica del enfermero en la consulta de puericultura en la Atención Primaria. Método: estudio transversal con 31 enfermeros de la Salud de la Familia de municipio del Nordeste de Brasil, utilizándose checklist con dimensiones del cuidado implementadas en el puericultura. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: las consultas realizadas por enfermeros con tiempo de conclusión de la graduación y tiempo de actuación de hasta diez años presentaron un cuidado volcado para las dimensiones acogida, anamnesis y evaluación de la situación vacunal y suplementaciones. Mientras que aquellos con tiempo superior a diez años priorizaron la evaluación del crecimiento y los registros en el prontuario y en la Libreta del Niño. Hubo asociación significativa entre el sexo femenino y tener especialización con el desempeño de los profesionales. Conclusión: los factores que influyen en la práctica de los enfermeros en el puericultura acarrean importantes diferencias asistenciales, pudiendo comprometer la integralidad del cuidado al niño.

Objective to analyze the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in Primary Care. Method: cross-sectional study with 31 Family Health nurses from a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil, using a checklist with care dimensions implemented in childcare. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: the consultations performed by nurses with graduation completion time and working time of up to ten years presented a care focused on the dimensions of embracement, anamnesis and evaluation of the vaccination status and supplementation. While those with more than ten years prioritized the evaluation of growth and records in the medical record and in the Child's Handbook. There was a significant association between female gender and specialization with the performance of professionals. Conclusion: the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare cause important differences in care, and may compromise the completeness of child care.

Algemas manageriales: Análise da avaliação do acesso e melhoria da qualidade em saúde no Brasil

Resumo: Este trabalho indaga o caráter avaliativo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica na Atenção Primaria à Saúde no Brasil, a partir do caráter performativo deste instrumento no cenário mundial de crescente managerialização das políticas sanitárias. Objetivo: Compreender como a qualidade do acesso se define em termos práticos e quais ações são promovidas aos trabalhadores da Atenção Primaria à Saúde através da Portaria 1.645 e o Instrumento de Avaliação aplicado aos profissionais do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica. Métodos: Foi realizada uma Análise Pragmática do Discurso, com auxílio dos Softwares Atlas.ti 8 e Microsoft Excel 2010. Resultados: Os resultados revelam estândares e indicadores promovidos pelo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica, assim como o papel ambivalente de gestores e profissionais da saúde, entre seu caráter voluntário e proativo e, revelam o desmonte do modelo de Atenção Primária à Saúde sob lógica comunitária no Brasil, em comparação à abordagem do Novo Management Público e a atuação em função de indicadores. Conclusões: O papel do Estado na garantia de direito a saúde é minimizado e dá lugar ao Novo Management Público na saúde.

Resumen: Este trabajo cuestiona el carácter evaluativo del Programa Nacional para la Mejora del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil, a partir del carácter performativo de este instrumento en el escenario mundial de creciente managerialización de las políticas sanitarias. Objetivo: Comprender cómo se define la calidad del acceso en términos prácticos y qué acciones se promueven a los trabajadores de Atención Primaria de Salud a través de la Ordenanza 1.645 y el Instrumento de Evaluación aplicado a los profesionales de Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica. Métodos: Se realizó un Análisis Pragmático del Discurso, con la ayuda de Softwares Atlas.ti 8 y Microsoft Excel 2010. Resultados: Los resultados revelan estándares e indicadores promovidos por el Programa Nacional para la Mejora del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria, así como el papel ambivalente de los gerentes y profesionales de la salud, entre su carácter voluntario y proactivo y revelan el desmantelamiento del modelo de Atención Primaria de Salud bajo lógica comunitaria en Brasil, en comparación con el enfoque del Nuevo Management Público y el desempeño en función de los indicadores. Conclusiones: Se minimiza el papel del Estado en la garantía del derecho a la salud y se da paso al Nuevo Management Público en la salud.

Abstract: This paper questions the evaluative process of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care in Primary Health Care in Brazil, based on the performative character of this instrument in the world scenario of increasing management of health policies. Objective: To understand how the quality of access is defined in practical terms and what actions are promoted to Primary Health Care workers through Ordinance 1,645 and the Evaluation Instrument applied to Extended Centers for Family Health and Primary Care professionals. Methods: A Pragmatic Discourse Analysis was performed, with the help of Atlas.ti 8 and Microsoft Excel 2010 Software. Results: The results reveal standards and indicators promoted by the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care, as well as the ambivalent role of managers and health professionals, between their voluntary and proactive character and reveal the dismantling of the Primary Health Care model under community logic in Brazil, compared to the New Public Management approach and the performance in function of indicators. Conclusions: The role of the State in guaranteeing the right to health is minimized and gives way to New Public Management in healthcare.

Comparação de avaliação de medidas indiretas e associação com medida subjetiva de capacidade aeróbia / Comparison of assessment of indirect measures and association with subjective measure of aerobic capacity

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a avaliação da resistência aeróbia avaliada pelos testes de McArdle e Conconi e associar as medidas indiretas com a percepção subjetiva por meio da Escala de Capacidade Percebida (ECP). Foram recrutados 29 participantes, 17 homens e 12 mulheres, com idades iguais ou maiores de 18 anos da região de São José, Santa Catarina. Após os recrutamentos foram analisados variáveis como sexo, idade, estatura, massa corporal, frequência cardíaca e esforço físico por meio dos testes de banco de McArdle e Conconi, além da capacidade percebida por meio da ECP. A média da pontuação da ECP foi de 9,72 (DP = 1,60). O Índice de Correlação Intraclasse entre os dois testes foi considerando excelente (r = 0,939; p < 0,001). Além disso, ambas análises apresentaram associação com a variável desfecho. No entanto, o poder explicativo da Regressão Linear, considerando como variável independente o VO2max a partir do deste de McArdle foi maior (45,3%). Assim, recomenta-se a utilização da tabela de referência deste teste para identificação do VO2máx a partir da percepção subjetiva pela ECP. Desta forma, a ECP pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa na avaliação, prescrição de exercícios e em estudos epidemiológicos por sua fácil e rápida aplicabilidade em adultos ativos fisicamente

This study aimed to compare the assessment of aerobic resistance evaluated by the McArdle and Conconi tests and to associate the indirect measures with the subjective perception through the Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC). 29 participants were recruited, 17 men and 12 women, aged 18 years or older from the region of São José-SC. After recruitment, variables such as gender, age, height, body mass, heart rate and physical effort were analyzed using the McArdle and Conconi bench tests, in addition to the perceived capac-ity through the ECP. The mean ECP score was 9.72 (SD = 1.60). The Intraclass Correlation Index between the two tests was considered excellent (r = 0.939; p < 0.001). In addition, both analyses were associated with the outcome variable. However, the explanatory power of Linear Regression, considering VO2max as an independent variable from McArdle's, was higher (45.3%). Thus, it is recommended to use the reference table of this test to identify the VO2max from the subjective perception by the ECP. In this way, ECP can be a valuable tool in the evaluation, exercise prescription and in epidemiological studies due to its easy and quick easy applicability in physically active adults

Professional performance in the administration of medicines in pediatrics: a study cross-sectional observational / Desempenho dos profissionais na administração de medicamentos na pediatria: um estudo observacional transversal / Desempeño de profesionales en la administración de medicamentos en pediatria: un estudio observacional transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate Patient Safety actions carried out by nurses in the Administration of Medicines in Pediatrics. Methods: observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out in 2018, with 25 nurses from a Hospital in Peru. 183 observations were made; the instrument Safety of the patient was used in the administration of medicines in Pediatrics Spanish version. The performance of the professionals was evaluated by the Positivity Index. Results: of 22 itens observed, five were adequate, five were safe, two were classified as borderline and ten as endurable among those who stand out; Bring to bed only medications prescribed for a single child and maintains an adequate record of prepared medications that will be stored. Conclusions: weaknesses were observed in the medication administration process, since only 10 itens were classified as safe or adequate, reinforcing the need for permanent education activities by the institution for nursing training.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar as ações Segurança do Paciente dos profissionais de enfermagem na Administração de Medicamentos na Pediatria Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo realizado em 2018, com 25 enfermeiras de um Hospital do Peru. 183 observações foram feitas, utilizou-se o instrumento Segurança do Paciente na administração de medicamentos em Pediatria versão em español. O desempenho dos profissionais foi avaliado pelo Índice de Positividade. Resultados: dos 22 itens observados, cinco eram adequados, cinco itens seguros, dois classificados como limítrofes e dez como toleráveis, entre os quais se destacam; Leva para a cama apenas medicamentos prescritos para uma única criança e mantém um registro adequado dos medicamentos preparados que serão armazenados. Conclusões: observamos fragilidades no processo de administração de medicamentos, visto que apenas 10 itens foram classificados como seguros ou adequados, reforçando a necessidade de ações de educação permanente por parte da instituição para a formação do enfermeiro.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar acciones de Seguridad del Paciente realizadas por enfermeras en la Administración de Medicamentos en Pediatria. Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, cuantitativo realizado el 2018, con 25 enfermeras de un Hospital en Peru. Fueron realizadas 183 observaciones, se utilizó el instrumento Seguridad del paciente en la administración de medicamentos en Pediatria versión español. El desempeño de los profesionales fue evaluado por el Índice de Positividad. Resultados: de 22 ítems observados, cinco fueron adecuados, cinco ítens seguros, dos clasificados como limíte y diez como sufribles entre los que se destacan; Lleva a la cama solo los medicamentos prescritos a un único niño y Mantiene registro adecuado de medicamentos preparados que serán almacenados. Conclusiones: se observo fragilidades en el proceso de administración de medicamentos, visto que solamente 10 ítems fueron clasificados como seguros o adecuados, reforzando la necesidad de actividades de educación permanente por la institución, para la capacitación de enfermería.

Performance evaluation of serum progesterone measurement by ID-LC/MS/MS candidate reference methods and their clinical application value / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To establish a candidate reference method for serum progesterone using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS) in our laboratory, validate the analytic performance of five clinical routine detection systems to explore the comparability of serum progesterone detection by different detection systems.Methods:A candidate reference method for serum progesterone using ID-LC/MS/MS method was established. The sample was pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction method, and the reversed phase liquid phase separation in positive ion mass spectrometry mode was used to detect progesterone in human serum, and the detection time of a single sample was controlled within 5 minutes by gradient elution. In order to improve the accuracy of the method, the bracketing calibration method (BCM) was used to establish the standard curve. The sensitivity, accuracy, precision and specificity of BCM and classical calibration curve method were evaluated according to CLSI C62-A, EP15-A2, EP6-A2 and EP9-A3, and the analytical performance and comparability of five clinical routine progesterone detection systems were evaluated,compared with ID-LC/MS/MS method, the bias at medical decision level 2 and 25 ng/ml was evaluated to see if they were <1/2TEa (12.5%).Results:The limit of detection (LOD) of ID-LC/MS/MS was 0.005 ng/ml. The recoveries of BCM method and classical calibration curve method are 97.95%-101.58% and 96.88%-110.70%, respectively. The measurement results of BCM method for certified reference materials are within its declared uncertainty range. The intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variation ( CV) of BCM method was less than 3.0%, which was better than that of classical calibration curve method ( CV: 2.48%-9.33%). The precision and linear range of the five clinical routine detection systems can meet the detection requirements. The measurement bias of detection system 1, 3 and 5 at 25 ng/ml of medical decision level was less than 1/2TEa, and the measurement bias at 2 ng/ml of medical decision level was more than 1/2TEa. The measurement bias of detection system 2 and 4 at two medical decision levels was less than 1/2TEa. Conclusion:The candidate reference method for serum progesterone ID-LC/MS/MS established in our laboratory meets the requirements of the reference method. BCM has better detection performance than classical calibration curve method. The precision and linearity of the five progesterone clinical detection systems are satisfactory. The five clinical detection systems could meet the clinical requirements at the medical determination level of 25 ng/ml, however, only two of the five clinical detection systems meet the clinical requirements at the medical determination level of 2 ng/ml.

Establishment of a candidate reference measurement procedure for the enumeration of cell particles in urine and applied to multi-center evaluation of an automated urine analyzer / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To establish a candidate reference procedure for the enumeration of cell particles in urine and applied to the multi-center performance evaluation of an automated urine formed elements analyzer.Methods:According to the standardized mannual microscopic examination of fresh non-centrifuged urine samples and the recommended reference method for enumeration of cell particles in urine published by ISLH, we established a candidate reference procedure for the enumeration of cell particles in urine. From four class A tertiary hospitals′ clinical laboratories, three rigorous trained technicians per hospital tested the same specimen respectively using the reference procedure. Each specimen was repeatedly counted 5 times, obtaining the quantitative results of cell particles were obtained in urine. Four hospitals used the established candidate reference measurement procedure and the automated urine formed elements analyzer to detect 40 to 60 urine specimens from September 2020 to January 2021, and evaluate the established reference method, meanwhile evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the each count from automated urinalysis analyzer.Results:Using the candidate reference measurement procedures, the coefficient of variation of results derived from three trained technicians per hospital was less than 6.98% (red blood cells), 6.99% (white blood cells), 13.94% (epithelial cells) and met the quality requirements. The performance evaluation results of automated urine formed elements analyzer showed that the accuracy of red blood cells, white blood cells and epithelial cells met the requirements (bias≤4.98%) and was well consistent with the reference measurement procedure ( R2≥0.989). Conclusions:A candidate reference measurement procedure for the enumeration of urine cell particles was successfully established with satisfactory precision and accuracy. This procedure was applied to multicenter performance evaluation of an automated urine formed elements analyzer with good accuracy and consistency.

Performance evaluation of rehabilitation workers using World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the theory and method of performance evaluation for rehabilitation workers based on the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Competency Framework (RCF).Methods Using the theoretical framework and methods of the RCF, we analyzed rehabilitation workers' related competencies from the five dimensions, namely practice, professionalism, learning and development, management and leadership, and research, integrating core values and beliefs, competencies and behaviors, activities and tasks, and knowledge and skills, to construct a comprehensive evaluation method and pathway for rehabilitation workers' performance.Results Based on the RCF, which confirms the job competency requirements for rehabilitation workers, a multi-dimensional, multi-level and standardized performance evaluation index framework was formed. For example, performance evaluation system of physical therapists was consisted of five primary indicators and 26 secondary indicators from the combination of RCF and job standards.Conclusion The rehabilitation worker performance evaluation based on the RCF can evaluate the performance of rehabilitation workers in a scientific, standardized and comprehensive way. It analyzes the performance of rehabilitation workers in a multi-dimensional and systematic manner with the competence of rehabilitation workers as the center, and evaluates the quality and effectiveness of the performance of rehabilitation workers at different levels of proficiency, which makes the performance evaluation of rehabilitation workers more scientific and comprehensive, and enables rehabilitation workers to understand proficiency and clarify the gap, to promote rehabilitation workers to continuously improve their own level and enhance the quality of rehabilitation services.

Establishment and evaluation of a competitive performance evaluation system for blood centers / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the establishment of a competitive performance evaluation management program for blood centers to ensure the blood supply. 【Methods】 A competitive performance evaluation system for Blood Donor Service Department of blood centers in eastern Shenzhen was established. The data concerning blood collection after (May to October 2021, the experiment group) and before (the corresponding period in 2020, the control) the launch of evaluation system was compared, including the proportion of total/novel blood donors in fixed donation sites, the donation rate of 400 mL and pre-collection deferral rate; collected units per shift, the average collection volume of staff, and the growth rate of per capita donation; the proportion of first-time/repeated/double-dose platelet apheresis donors; the proportion of transfer-in/transfer-out of red blood cells; the ratio of group to street blood donors. 【Results】 The proportion of total/novel blood donors in fixed donation sites(81.13% vs 75.87%), the donation rate of 400 mL(58.14% vs 57.91%) and pre-collection deferral rate(76.55% vs 65.92%) in the experimental group was higher than that of the control, while the proportion of pre-collection deferral was lower(18.87% vs 24.13%) (P<0.05). Compared by the control, the units collected per shift, the average collection volume of staff and the blood donation per capita at fixed sites in the experiment group increased by 54.29%, 52.21%, and 3.36% (P<0.05). The proportion of first-time platelet donors was greater than that in the control(43.90% vs 19.61%), while the proportion of repeated platelet donors was lower (56.10% vs 80.39%). The proportion of double-dose platelet donors was lower than that in the control(12.62% vs 22.19%) (P<0.05). The amount of red blood cells transfer-in was 0%, lower than 2.38% in the control group(P<0.05), while the amount of red blood cell transfer-out was 1.86%, higher than 0% in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of group blood donors decreased from 24% to 15.19%, while street blood donors increased from 76% to 84.81% (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Proper competitive performance evaluation system can effectively mobilize employee motivation, improve the efficacy of blood collection and internal management, and ensure clinical blood supply.

Establishment and clinical evaluation of dry fluorescent luminescencemethod for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To establish a dry fluorescent luminescence method for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and evaluate its clinical application. 【Methods】 Anti-HCV antibody was detected by double-antigen sandwich dry fluorescent luminescence method established using multi-epitope chimeric antigen. The established method was used to detect national reference samples(positive 20, negative 20), and a total of 349 clinical samples, including 108 HCV patients, 36 patients with other diseases and 205 healthy individuals, which were tested in parallel with enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to evaluate the performance of the established method. 【Results】 The concordance rate of positive and negative(each 20) reference samples were both 100% (20/20), and the CV of precision reference sample was 9.16%, which met the requirements of national reference samples. In clinical performance evaluation, the AUC value was 0.984, and the sensitivity and specificity of the dry fluorescent luminescence method were 96.30% (104/108) and 96.27% (233/241). The overall concordance rate between dry fluorescent luminescence method and ELISA was 97.71% (341/349) (Kappa=0.952). 【Conclusion】 The dry fluorescence luminescence method of HCV antibody is simple and rapid, with high sensitivity and high specificity, and can be used in clinical application.

DRG medical service performance evaluation based on entropy weight TOPSIS and rank sum ratio method / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To evaluate medical service performance of the DRG pilot public hospitals in a city was carried out by using the entropy weight TOPSIS and the rank sum ratio method, so as to provid the decision-making basis for the DRG pilot reform and the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods:The case-mix index(CMI) value, the number of DRG groups, the time consumption index, the cost consumption index, and the low-risk mortality rate were obtained from the first page of medical records of 21 DRG pilot hospitals in a city from January 2019 to December 2020.The entropy weight TOPSIS method and the rank sum ratio method were used to evaluate the medical services performance of 21 DRG pilot hospitals.Results:The CMI value and the number of DRG groups in 21 DRG pilot hospitals increased from 0.81 and 353 in 2019 to 0.86 and 369 in 2020 respectively, and the time consumption index decreased from 0.98 to 0.92. The entropy weight TOPSIS method and the rank sum ratio method had good consistency and correlation with the hospital performance evaluation results from 2019 to 2020 ( P<0.05). The overall ranking of the performance evaluation of pilot hospitals in 2020 was higher than that in 2019, the tertiary hospitals were higher than secondary hospitals, and hospitals were higher than maternal and child health care hospitals. Conclusions:The DRG payment reform had promoted the quality and efficiency of medical services in the city.

Multicenter post-marketing clinical evaluation on the clinical performance of the five domestic fast nucleic acid detection reagents for 2019-nCoV / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:This multicenter clinical evaluation analyzed the clinical performance of five fast nucleic acid detection systems for 2019-nCoV.Methods:Clinical performance of the five fast nucleic acid detection reagents approved in China was evaluated in the present study. Fifty-seven throat swabs samples from COVID-19 patients and fifteen throat swabs samples from healthy people were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of HUST, and National Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention of CDC to evaluate the positive coincidence rate, negative coincidence rate, total coincidence rate, the detection time and retest rate as well as the relation between positive intensity and positive coincidence rate of the five fast nucleic acid detection systems in November 2020.Results:The positive coincidence rates of the five kits were 92.59% (50/54), 83.64% (46/55), 98.25% (56/57), 94.44% (51/54) and 98.18% (54/55); and the negative coincidence rates were 93.33% (14/15), 93.33% (14/15), 86.67% (13/15), 100% (14/14) and 93.33% (14/15); and the total coincidence rates were 92.75% (64/69), 85.71% (60/70), 95.83% (69/72), 94.20% (65/69) and 97.14% (68/70), respectively. The positive coincidence rate of the five kits reached 100% for the strong-positive (90/90) and medium-positive samples (84/84), but only 82.18% (83/101) for weak-positive samples (cycle threshold value>33), and the retest rate of two kits were 15.28% (11/72) and 12.50% (9/72), which were both higher than 10%. Total time from sample extraction to amplification was between 32.33-65.33 minutes for these five kits.Conclusion:The five fast nucleic acid detection reagents have good performance and can be used as a supplement to routine nucleic acid detection reagents.

Evaluación del desempeño clínico del ensayo SUMASIGNAL VHC para la detección del ARN del virus de la hepatitis C

RESUMEN Introducción: La detección y cuantificación del genoma del virus de la hepatitis C (ARN-VHC), mediante la transcripción inversa-PCR en tiempo real (RT-qPCR), es vital para el diagnóstico y seguimiento del tratamiento antiviral de los pacientes con hepatitis C. Objetivo: Evaluar los indicadores de desempeño clínico como la especificidad, sensibilidad y reproducibilidad del ensayo SUMASIGNAL VHC, comercializado por el Centro de Inmunoensayo (Cuba), tomando como técnica de referencia la prueba Artus® HCV RG RT-qPCR. Métodos : Se empleó un panel conformado por 70 muestras de suero: 46 ARN-VHC positivas, 12 ARN-VHC negativas y 12 positivas a marcadores moleculares de otros virus. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la prueba de Bland-Altman, se utilizaron para comparar las cargas virales del VHC, obtenidas por las técnicas SUMASIGNAL VHC y la de referencia; las que fueron expresadas en logaritmo en base 10 (log10) UI/mL. Los valores de p< 0,05 se consideraron estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: La sensibilidad y especificidad clínica del SUMASIGNAL VHC fue 100 %; mientras que no se detectó reactividad cruzada con los otros virus evaluados. Se demostró que el ensayo en cuestión, tuvo una correlación buena (r= 0,89) y fuerte concordancia (media= -0,01 Log10 UI/mL) con la prueba de referencia (p< 0,0001). La reproducibilidad de la cuantificación del ARN-VHC en dos momentos diferentes, con la prueba SUMASIGNAL VHC mostró una correlación excelente (r= 0,97; p< 0,0001). Conclusiones: El ensayo SUMASIGNAL VHC proporciona datos válidos, reproducibles y técnicamente confiables para realizar el diagnóstico específico del VHC, incluso constituye una herramienta útil para monitorear la carga viral de este agente en el Sistema Nacional de Salud Cubano.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Detection and quantification of the hepatitis C virus genome (HCV RNA) by real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) are vital for the diagnosis and antiviral treatment follow-up of hepatitis C patients. Objective: Evaluate the clinical performance of the SUMASIGNAL HCV assay for quantification of HCV viral load. Methods: A panel was formed with 70 serum samples: 46 HCV RNA positive, 12 HCV RNA negative and 12 positive for molecular markers of other viruses. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and the Bland-Altman plot were used to compare the HCV viral loads obtained by SUMASIGNAL HCV techniques with reference values, which were expressed as base 10 logarithm (log10) UI/ml. Values of p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The clinical sensitivity and specificity of SUMASIGNAL HVC were 100%, and no cross-reactivity was detected with the other viruses evaluated. The study assay exhibited a good correlation (r= 0.89) and strong concordance (mean= -0.01 Log10 UI/ml) with the reference test (p< 0.0001). Reproducibility of the HCV RNA quantification with the SUMASIGNAL HCV test at two different moments displayed an excellent correlation (r= 0.97; p< 0.0001). Conclusions: The SUMASIGNAL HVC assay provides valid, reproducible and technically reliable data for specific HCV diagnosis. It is also a useful tool to monitor the viral load of this agent in the Cuban National Health System.

Avaliação de fatores intervenientes no desempenho de estações de tratamento de água / Evaluation intervening factors in the performance of water treatment plants

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em avaliar a influência da sazonalidade, da eventual sobrecarga hidráulica, do porte, do custo e da idade no desempenho de estações convencionais de tratamento de água pela análise de confiabilidade como ferramenta de avaliação. Para tal, empregaram-se dados operacionais do efluente de 20 estações operadas pelo mesmo prestador referentes ao período 2009-2014. As análises estatísticas mostraram que o desempenho, em termos de turbidez do efluente, elevou-se no período de estiagem em relação ao chuvoso e nas unidades de pequeno porte avaliadas. No mesmo contexto, a quase totalidade das estações submetidas à sobrecarga hidráulica apresentou desempenho inferior. A determinação da faixa de turbidez requerida na saída da estação, pela análise de confiabilidade, mostrou-se importante ferramenta de gestão permitindo hierarquizar ações de melhorias nos sistemas. Não se verificou correlação entre o nível de confiabilidade e o custo do tratamento e a idade da estação.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of seasonality, possible hydraulic overload, size, cost, and age of the station in the performance of conventional water treatment stations based on reliability analysis as an evaluation tool. For this purpose, operational data of the effluent from 20 stations operated by the same provider for the 2009-2014 period were used. Statistical analyses showed that the performance was increased in the dry season compared to the rainy one and in the small units evaluated. In the same scenario, almost all the stations submitted to hydraulic overload exhibit inferior performance. The determination of turbidity range required at the exit of the station, through the reliability analysis, proved to be an important management tool, allowing to hierarchize improvement actions in the systems. In addition, there was no correlation between the level of reliability and the treatment cost and the age of the station.

Avaliação de desempenho na organização de gestão do trabalho no município de São Tomé-RN / Performance assessment in the work management organization in the city of São Tomé-RN / Evaluación del desempeño en la organización de gestión del trabajo en el municipio de São Tomé-RN

Objetivo: refletir sobre a necessidade de implantação da avaliação de desempenho dos profissionais de saúde do município de São Tomé-RN. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, de caráter descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: Tem-se a necessidade de sensibilizar a gestão, na perspectiva de implantar uma avaliação de desempenho, a partir de instrumentos, tendo em vista várias necessidades tais como: perfil profissional, assiduidade, comportamento profissional, capacitações de educação continuada, viabilizar desempenho eficaz do profissional, melhorar condições de trabalho e qualidade de vida no trabalho. Conclusão: Para concretizar a implantação de avaliação de desempenho é preciso que haja um bom planejamento; realizar diagnósticos na gestão com bases nos problemas levantados, constatar problemas não é o suficiente para provocar mudanças necessárias. Faz-se imperativo, portanto, empenhar-se na construção de estratégias que possam promover mudanças no cotidiano dos serviços de saúde que possam vir a contribuir para melhoria da gestão.(AU)

Objective: to reflect on the need to implement the performance evaluation of health professionals in the municipality of São Tomé-RN. Method: This is a reflective essay, with a descriptive character and a qualitative approach. Results: There is a need to sensitize management, with a view to implementing a performance evaluation, based on instruments, in view of various needs such as: professional profile, attendance, professional behavior, continuing education skills, enabling effective performance professional, improve working conditions and quality of life at work. Conclusion: In order to implement the performance evaluation, there must be good planning; making diagnoses in management based on the problems raised, finding problems is not enough to cause necessary changes. It is imperative, therefore, to commit to the construction of strategies that can promote changes in the daily life of health services that may contribute to improve management.(AU)

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la necesidad de implementar la evaluación del desempeño de los profesionales de la salud en el municipio de São Tomé-RN. Método: Se trata de un ensayo reflexivo, con carácter descriptivo y enfoque cualitativo. Resultados: Existe la necesidad de sensibilizar a la gestión, con miras a implementar una evaluación de desempeño, basada en instrumentos, ante diversas necesidades tales como: perfil profesional, asistencia, comportamiento profesional, capacidades de educación continua, posibilitando un desempeño efectivo profesional, mejorar las condiciones laborales y la calidad de vida en el trabajo. Conclusión: Para implementar la evaluación de desempeño, debe haber una buena planificación; haciendo diagnósticos en la gestión basados en los problemas planteados, encontrar problemas no es suficiente para provocar los cambios necesarios. Por tanto, es imperativo apostar por la construcción de estrategias que puedan promover cambios en la vida diaria de los servicios de salud que contribuyan a mejorar la gestión.(AU)

Reliability in the evaluation of international and national judges in an artistic swimming routine / Confiabilidade na avaliação de juízes internacionais e nacionais em uma rotina de nado artístico

Abstract Artistic swimming (AS) is a sport evaluated by fifteen judges in routine sessions. The athletes' goal is to achieve proficient motor patterns according to pre-established criteria. The present studied analyzed whether there is difference between the two groups of AS judges with different levels of experience. The group of the International Swimming Federation - FINA (IG) evaluates AS at national and international level and the non-FINA group (NG) evaluates AS only at national level. Twenty experienced judges were divided into groups, 10 IG judges and 10 NG judges. Thus, judges evaluated the item execution of three routines with five required elements. Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed high internal consistency in IG (a= 0.85 in T1 and 0.83 in T2). In NG, internal consistency was observed in T1 and low consistency in T2 (a= 0.82 in T1 and 0.39 in T2). Evaluation analysis between IG and NG was significant (p?0.0330) and reliability analysis (bias: -0.1266 95% agreement limit: -1.642 to 1.388) showed consistency and high degree of confidence in results. The findings suggest that the item execution of required elements showed high objectivity regarding judges with different levels of experience, IG and NG, regardless of categorization and time of practice. FINA has changed the number of judges and the number of items evaluated in routine sessions. It is suggested that the reduction of items has contributed in a positive way so that judges can focus more on evaluation itself.

Resumo Nado artístico (NA) é um esporte avaliado por quinze juízes em provas de rotinas. A meta dos atletas é a realização de padrões motores proficientes de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos. O presente estudo analisou se havia diferença entre os dois grupos de juízes de NA com diferentes níveis de experiência. O grupo da Federação Internacional de Natação - FINA (GI) avalia a nível nacional e internacional e o grupo não FINA (GN) avalia apenas a nível nacional. Participaram 20 juízes experientes separados em grupos, 10 juízes GI e 10 juízes GN. Assim, os juízes avaliaram o item execução de três rotinas com cinco elementos obrigatórios. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach apresentou elevada consistência interna no GI (a= 0,85 em T1 e 0,83 em T2). No GN observou-se consistência interna em T1 e baixa em T2 (a = 0,82 em T1 e 0,39 em T2). A análise de avaliação entre GI e GN, foi significativa (p?0,0330) e análise de confiabilidade (viés: -0,1266 de limite de concordância 95%: -1,642 a 1,388) mostrando consistência e alto grau de confiança nos resultados. Os achados sugerem que o item execução dos elementos requeridos apresentou alta objetividade no que diz respeito aos juízes com diferentes níveis de experiência, GI e GN, independentemente da categorização e do tempo de prática. A FINA alterou o número de juízes e o número de itens que são avaliados nas provas de rotina. Sugere-se que a redução dos itens tenha contribuído para que os juízes se concentrassem mais na avaliação.

Comparative analysis of performance evaluation indexes of public medical institutions in China / 中华医院管理杂志

The reform of public medical institutions is a critical and difficult breakthrough in furthering the healthcare system reform in China, for which the performance appraisal of public hospitals can serve an important role. The performance policy documents of tertiary public hospitals, secondary public hospitals and primary medical and health institutions in China since 2019 were compared and analyzed, to systematically identify the similarities and differences and development rules of the three evaluation index systems. The study analyzed the impacts of the three systems on the management of medical institutions and provided reference suggestions for improving their performance evaluation. It was found that all the three systems aim at guiding tertiary public hospitals to evolve from the pattern centering on scale expansion to that on quality and benefits, guiding secondary ones to improve their capacity of medical services, and guiding primary medical institutions to focus on basic medical and public health services. However, these systems lack indexes on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment for secondary hospitals and application of examination results, while national surveillance indexes on primary ones accounted for only 23.8% of all. It is recommended to dynamically adjust both the performance evaluation index system and the surveillance methods, and to enhance the application of examination results and development of supporting policies as well.

Comparative evaluation of susceptibility testing methods for colistin and polymyxin B on isolates of Enterobacteriaceae / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To provide a promising and optimal laboratory susceptibility-testing method for the clinical usage of antibiotic (polymyxin), four susceptibility-testing methods were performed and the broth microdilution (BMD) was chosen as the gold standard.Methods:A total number of eighty-eight nonduplicate clinical Enterobacteriaceae specimes were collected from January to December of 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University. Among the clinical specimens, of which six strains were positive for mcr-1. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of polymyxin of the clinical specimens were examined by the following methods: (1) broth microdilution, (2) colistin broth disk elution, (3) Vitek-2?, (4)BD PhoenixTM,(5)commercial broth microdilution. With BMD as reference, essential agreement (EA), categorical agreement(CA), very major error(VME) and major error (ME) of polymyxins for different methods were analyzed. The Kappa-consistency testing, paired Chi-square testing and the Spearman-rank correlation testing were used to analyze the consistency between the four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and the gold standard.Results:Taking broth microdilution as reference, the EA of colistin broth disk elution, Vitek-2?, BD PhoenixTM, commercial broth microdilution were 94.32% (83/88), 92.05% (81/88), 90.90% (80/88), and 96.59%(85/88), respectively. The CA of all the four methods were 100% (88/88). No VME and ME were recorded for four methods. Moreover, the consistency between four susceptibility testing methods and the gold standard is acceptable (Kappa values=1, P<0.001, McNemar test P=1 and r>0.5, P<0.05). Conclusions:In the present work, four susceptibility testing methods all met the standards recommended jointly by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, of which the performance of the commercial broth microdilution and CBDE fared relatively well. Thus, these four methods could be routinely used in clinical microbiology laboratory of our hospital for colistin and polymyxin B susceptibility testing.

Application of multi-source feedback evaluation mechanism in nursing clinical practice evaluation system / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Scientific and reasonable assessment of clinical practice is one of the core indicators of teaching quality evaluation. This paper reviews the application prospect of multi-source feedback evaluation in clinical practice, discusses the basic elements and processes, existing problems and solutions of the evaluation system. Moreover, the application exploration of multi-source feedback evaluation in clinical practice of interns was analyzed as a typical case. We wish it is helpful to promote the establishment of multi-source feedback evaluation mechanism in clinical practice teaching and provide a guarantee for the cultivation of excellent medical talents.

Research on the scientific research performance evaluation of young scientists in hospitals based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Data Envelopment Analysis / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To establish a performance evaluation index system and evaluation method for young scientists in hospitals, and to provide reliable evidence for management departments in evaluating, selecting outstanding young scientists and formulating tailored training programs.Methods:Literature analysis, expert consultation, analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis were adopted in this article to evaluate the scientific research performance of young scientists in hospitals.Results:The scientific research data of young scientists under 45 years of age in Peking University Cancer Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and their scale efficiency and technical efficiency were analyzed by using index system and its weight and propose the improvement measures to achieve the purpose of evaluation and reform.Conclusions:This method is useful for the effective evaluation of the young scientists in the hospital, and is helpful to improve the level of scientific research management, as well as realize the virtuous circle of matching the input and output of scientific and technological innovation.